What is network segmentation?

Network segmentation refers to the method of dividing a larger network into smaller, isolated segments. This strategy enhances security by localizing network traffic and limiting the potential spread of cyber threats. When a network is segmented, different departments or functions within an organization can have their own dedicated segments, which can help in minimizing the attack surface and confining potential breaches to a smaller area.

For instance, if one segment of the network is compromised, proper segmentation can help ensure that the intruder cannot easily access data or systems on other segments, thus containing the risk. Additionally, segmentation can enhance performance by reducing congestion on the overall network, as traffic is localized rather than broadcasted to all devices.

The other options do not accurately define network segmentation. Allowing unrestricted access to all network devices contradicts the principle of segmentation, as it would create a flat network increasing vulnerability. A strategy for data encryption pertains to securing data during transmission and storage but does not involve dividing the network structure. Similarly, a software tool for monitoring traffic does not define segmentation; rather, it refers to an entirely different aspect of network management.