What is ransomware?

Ransomware is a specific category of malicious software designed to block access to a computer system or data, typically by encrypting files, and it demands payment (often in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key. Victims of a ransomware attack find their important files rendered inaccessible until they comply with the demands of the attackers, who usually threaten to delete the data if payment is not made.

This definition aligns with the characteristics noted in the correct answer, emphasizing the malicious intent behind ransomware attacks, including the process of encryption and the demand for financial compensation to restore access to the victims' information. Recognizing ransomware is critical for understanding cybersecurity risks, as it highlights the importance of backup strategies and data protection measures to prevent losses in case of an attack.