Which cybersecurity measure is vital for preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information?

Data encryption is crucial for preventing unauthorized access to sensitive information because it transforms the data into a coded format that can only be read by individuals who possess the correct decryption key. This means that even if unauthorized users gain access to the physical data, they cannot interpret or use it without the key. Encryption secures sensitive information in transit and at rest, making it an essential practice in protecting data privacy and integrity.

While firewalls, server backups, and network segmentation are all important components of a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy, they do not directly address unauthorized access to the content of sensitive information in the same manner as encryption. Firewalls help block unauthorized network access, but they do not protect the data itself. Server backups ensure data recovery in cases of loss but do not guard against unauthorized access. Network segmentation can limit access to certain areas of a network but does not encrypt data, which is necessary to keep the information safe even if it is intercepted.