Which technology is used to verify user identity before granting access to systems?

The correct choice emphasizes the role of authentication systems in verifying user identity before granting access to systems. Authentication is a critical security process that ensures that users are who they claim to be. This typically involves the use of credentials such as passwords, biometric data, or security tokens. By implementing robust authentication systems, organizations can prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data and resources, thereby enhancing their overall security posture.

Firewalls, while crucial for network security, primarily function to block or allow traffic based on predetermined security rules rather than directly verifying user identity. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) monitor network traffic to identify potential security breaches but do not engage in the identity verification process. Network protocols define the rules for data transmission over networks but do not relate specifically to the verification of user identities. Understanding this distinction helps reinforce the importance of authentication systems in the broader context of web security.